1. Provide and analysis of what historians and scholars have concluded to be five (5) motives for the 15th and 16th century Europeans to initiate their "age of discovery."

2. How is it that historians are able to claim that the Aztec civilization rivaled that of Rome in its sophistication. What was it that the Aztecs possessed that caused the European explorers when first seeing the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan, caused them to call it the "Venice of the New World."

3. Provide and analysis as to why the process of "exploration" quickly turned to "exploitation." Provide evidence as to the extent of this "exploitation."

4. What is the principle reasons that Jarod Diamond presents, in his Pulitzer Prize winning book "Guns, Germs, and Steel," were the causes that allowed the European culture to dominate so many indigenous cultures around the globe rather than the other way around?

5. Provide an analysis and characterization of the term "Renaissance Humanism." How did this become a leading factor in the Protestant Revolution?

6. In the film on Martin Luther (1483-1546), "Driven to Defiance," what does this presentation provide that leads one to understand the early life and character of Martin Luther that later characterized him as "individual who by force of will and by his ideas changed the world fundamentally."

7. What is meant by the term "justification of faith?" What is its origin? How did it lay the foundation for the "democratization" of religion in Europe?

8. Like Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) opposed many aspects of Catholic worship and practice. What single principal did Zwingli present as a basis for his dissent that is "described as the single most important shift in religious culture in the sixteenth century." (Hooker)

9. Provide an analysis on the work of John Calvin (1509-1564) and how it "changed the face of Protestantism." (Hooker)

10. Provide an analysis as to why the Protestant movement in England under king Henry VIII (1491- 1547) was principally different than that, which took place on the European continent with Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin.

11. The "Wars of Religion" in Europe were armed conflicts that for over a century resulted in Protestant and Catholics "shedding each other's blood in prodigious amounts in national wars and in civil wars." (Hooker) Provide an analysis of the circumstances of this conflict in France during the latter part of the 16th century that led up to what is called the "St. Bartholomew Massacre."

Instructions

Each question is worth ten (10) points; five (5) points for historical accuracy and five (5) points for written presentation. You need only to answer ten (10) of the questions listed above.
Provide a cover page indicating your name, course title, section, and date. Submit your answers in type using "times new roman" in size twelve (12) font. Staple your cover page and answers in the upper left hand corner. Provide proper citation using MLA when quoting or giving reference to a resource. Use only the resources provided in Professor Page's E-Text material, Lecture Presentations, or links provided in the January 2008 web based calendar. Exams are due in class on Monday February 11th. No late exams will be accepted without specific written approval from Professor Page.

Work Cited

Hooker, Richard. "World Cultures." An Internet Classroom and Anthology (1996) February 2, 2008 <http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/REFORM/REFORM.HTM>.